Basic Anatomy

🧠 Basic Anatomy

The study of the structure of the human body and the relationship between its different parts.
1. Anatomical Position

• Head and eyes facing forward

• Arms by the side

• Palms facing forward

• Feet together or slightly apart

• Toes pointing forward

• Standard reference position used in anatomy

2. Anatomical Planes

• Sagittal: Divides the body into right and left parts

• Median: Divides the body into equal right and left halves

• Coronal/Frontal: Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

• Transverse: Divides the body into superior and inferior parts

3. Directional Terms

• Superior: Toward the head

• Inferior: Toward the feet

• Anterior: Front

• Posterior: Back

• Medial: Toward the midline

• Lateral: Away from the midline

• Proximal: Closer to the point of attachment

• Distal: Farther from the point of attachment

• Superficial: Near the surface

• Deep: Away from the surface

4. Levels of Organization
Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism
Four basic tissues:

1. Epithelial

1. Connective

1. Muscle

1. Nervous

5. Major Organ Systems

1. Skeletal system

1. Muscular system

1. Nervous system

1. Cardiovascular system

1. Respiratory system

1. Digestive system

1. Urinary system

1. Reproductive system

1. Endocrine system

1. Lymphatic/immune system

1. Integumentary system

6. Body Cavities

• Cranial cavity → Brain

• Vertebral cavity → Spinal cord

• Thoracic cavity → Heart and lungs

• Abdominal cavity → Stomach, liver, spleen, intestines, etc.

• Pelvic cavity → Urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum

 MBBS High-Yield
Learn anatomy in this order:
Anatomical Position → Planes → Directional Terms → Bones → Joints → Muscles → Nerves → Blood Vessels → Organs → Clinical Anatomy